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Adult ADHD Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment
Adults suffering from ADHD are often unable to be diagnosed. Doctors must be able to determine if symptoms are present now, and if they were present at different points in life (technically prior to age 12).
A thorough assessment usually involves more than one person. It is helpful to include coworkers, family members and teachers.
Self-Assessment Tools
The most well-known self-assessment tool for adults with ADHD is the Adult ADHD Symptom Self-Report Scale. It is available online and can be completed by adults at home. This tool asks a set of questions regarding symptoms that are typically reported by people with ADHD. This tool can be used as a preliminary step to determine if you should seek a further evaluation from a health professional.
Other symptom inventories for adults include the BADDS42 as well as the AD/HD Symptom Inventory for Adults (AD/HD-IS), and the CAARS44. The BADDS is a 40-item scale that measures a variety of ADHD symptoms that are contextualized in real-life situations. It can be administered as a self-report or as an instrument rated by an observer. It also contains useful supplementary factors, in addition to the DSM-5 scales. Age-based norms are also available.
These symptom inventories can be helpful in the process of diagnosing ADHD because they provide a wider range of information than a single clinical interview however, they are limited by their low positive predictive value. This means they can significantly over-diagnose instances of ADHD. The reason for this is because many of the symptoms analyzed by these tools are also present in healthy people and are not exclusive to ADHD.
Another issue is that the diagnosis of ADHD must be based on the existence of symptoms that are present over time and in a variety of situations. This requires a thorough evaluation of functioning from different angles and the evaluation of comorbidities, such as depression or substance...