JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="parent">
    <input type="text" id="email" required>
    <label for="email">Email</label>
</div>

CSS

html {
  height: 100%;
  font-size: 62.5%;
}

body {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 100%;
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

*,
::before,
::after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}

.parent {
  position: relative;
}

.parent > input {
  height: 4.8rem;
  padding: 0.8rem 0.5em;
  border-radius: 0.6rem;
  border: 1px solid;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 1.875;
}

.parent > input:focus {
  padding-top: 1.6rem;
  padding-right: 0.5em;
  padding-left: 0.5em;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px black; /* outline alternative */
  outline: none;
}

.parent > input:required:valid {
  padding-top: 1.6rem;
  padding-right: 0.5em;
  padding-left: 0.5em;
}

.parent > label {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 0.5em;
  color: dimgray;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  transition-property: font-size, transform;
  transition-duration: 0.2s;
  transition-timing-function: ease-out;
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.parent > input:focus + label,
.parent > input:required:valid + label {
  left: 0.8em;
  color: black;
  transform: translateY(-2.4rem);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}