JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th width="50" class="text-center">#</th>
<th>Item do Pacote</th>
<th>Valor</th>
<th>Vencimento</th>
<th width="50" class="text-center"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50" class="text-center">1</td>
<td>Salgados - 100 Un</td>
<td>R$ 150,00</td>
<td width="200px">
<input type="date" class="form-control" name="data_vencimento" id="itens[data_vencimento][]">
</td>
<td width="50" class="text-center">
<input type="checkbox" name="item" id="itens[item]" class="checados" value="150,00|1" checked>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50" class="text-center">2</td>
<td>Doces - 100 Un</td>
<td>R$ 114,00</td>
<td width="200px">
<input type="date" class="form-control" name="data_vencimento" id="itens[data_vencimento][]">
</td>
<td width="50" class="text-center">
<input type="checkbox" name="item" id="itens[item]" class="checados" value="114,00|2">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50" class="text-center">3</td>
<td>Refrigerante - 10 un</td>
<td>R$ 85,00</td>
<td width="200px">
<input type="date" class="form-control array_teste" name="data_vencimento" id="itens[data_vencimento][]">
</td>
<td width="50" class="text-center">
<input type="checkbox" name="item" id="itens[item]" class="array_teste" value="85,00|3">
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
JavaScript
var array = $('tr:has(input)').filter(function() {
return $('[type="checkbox"]:checked', this).length;
}).map(function() {
return $('input', this).get().reduce(function(obj, input) {
obj[input.name] = input.value;
return obj;
}, {});
}).get();
console.log(JSON.stringify(array));