JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div id="botoes">
  <button data-for="cod" onclick="checkbox(this)">cod</button>
  <button data-for="nome" onclick="checkbox(this)">nome</button>
  <button data-for="barras" onclick="checkbox(this)">barras</button>
  <button data-for="desc" onclick="checkbox(this)">desc.</button>
</div>

JavaScript

function checkbox(btn){
    var idParent = $(btn).parent().attr('id'); 
    alert(idParent);
}