JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<ul class="dropdown-menu">
    <li>
        <a href="hoge">
            <span class="hoge" aria-hidden="true"></span> 
              hoge1<!--とりあえず、ここの文言のみを変更したい。-->
        </a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a href="hoge">
            <span class="hoge" aria-hidden="true"></span> 
              hoge2
        </a>
    </li>
</ul>

JavaScript

var whole_hoge = document.getElementsByClassName("dropdown-menu")[0];
var hoge1 = whole_hoge.firstElementChild;
var clone_hoge1 = hoge1.cloneNode(true);
clone_hoge1.firstElementChild.innerText = "hoge3";
whole_hoge.appendChild(clone_hoge1);