JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div style="background: url('a.jpg')">test1</div>

<span style="margin:1em; background-image: url('b.jpg'); color:#234;">test2</span>

<div style="margin:1em; background:#eee; color:#234; list-style:url('notme.jpg')">test3</div>

Found:
<ul id="result"></ul>

JavaScript

var img_urls=[];
$('[style*="background"]').each(function() {
    var style = $(this).attr('style');
    var pattern = /background.*?url\('(.*?)'\)/g;
    var match = pattern.exec(style);
    
    if (match) {        
        img_urls.push(match[1]);
        //just for testing, not needed:
        console.log('<li>'+match[1]+'</li>');
    }
    
    //print the results
    
});