JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

JavaScript

var searchArray = function(arr, str){
        // If there are no items in the array, return an empty array
        if(typeof arr === 'undefined' || arr.length === 0) return [];
        // If the string is empty return all items in the array
        if(typeof arr === 'str' || str.length === 0) return arr;

        // Create a new array to hold the results.
        var res = [];
     
        // Check where the start (*) is in the string
        var starIndex = str.indexOf('*');
    
        // If the star is the first character...
        if(starIndex === 0) {
            
            // Get the string without the star.
            str = str.substr(1);
            for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
                
                // Check if each item contains an indexOf function, if it doesn't it's not a (standard) string.
                // It doesn't necessarily mean it IS a string either.
                if(!arr[i].indexOf) continue;
                
                // Check if the string is at the end of each item.
                if(arr[i].indexOf(str) === arr[i].length - str.length) {                    
                    // If it is, add the item to the results.
                    res.push(arr[i]);
                }
            }
        }
        // Otherwise, if the star is the last character
        else if(starIndex === str.length - 1) {
            // Get the string without the star.
            str = str.substr(0, str.length - 1);
            for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){
                // Check indexOf function                
                if(!arr[i].indexOf) continue;
                // Check if the string is at the beginning of each item
                if(arr[i].indexOf(str) === 0) {
                    // If it is, add the item to the results.
                    res.push(arr[i]);
                }
            }
        }
        // In any other case...
        else {            
            for(var i = 0; i < arr.length;...