JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<select id="campo" name="campo" onchange="comprobar();">
    <option value="uno">uno</option>
    <option value="dos">dos</option>
    <option value="tres">tres</option>
</select>
<br>
op1
<input type="checkbox" name="uno" id="uno" value="1" checked="checked" />

op2
<input type="checkbox" name="dos" id="dos" value="2" />

op3
<input type="checkbox" name="tres" id="tres" value="3" />

JavaScript

function comprobar() {
    var opciones = ['uno','dos','tres'];
    var opcion = this.campo.value;
    var checkASeleccionar = document.getElementById(opcion);
    
    for (var i = 0; i<opciones.length; i++) {
        document.getElementById(opciones[i]).checked = '';
    }
     
    checkASeleccionar.checked = 'checked';
}