JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="orange">
  
  <div>child of orange</div>
  <div>child of orange</div>
  <div>child of orange</div>
  <div class="yellow">child of orange that is yellow</div>
  
  <div class="red">
    <div>child of red</div>
    <div>child of red</div>
  </div>
  
  <div class="green">child of orange that is green
    <div>child of green</div>
  </div>
  <div class="green">child of orange that is green</div>
  
  <div>child of orange</div>
  <div class="yellow">child of orange  that is yellow</div>

</div>

CSS

.red {
  background-color: red;
}

.orange > :not(.red) {
  background-color: orange;
}

.orange > .green {
  background-color: green;
}

.orange > :is(.yellow) {
  background-color: yellow;
}