JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

<div class="outerContainer">
  <canvas></canvas>
  <div class="beside">
  </div>
</div>

CSS

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  margin: 0;
}
.outerContainer {
  display: flex;
  border: 0.5em solid #444;
  margin-bottom: 2em;
  /*max available flexbox height*/
  height: calc(100vh - 2em);
}
.outerContainer canvas {
  background: #77a;
  /*max available canvas width*/
  width: calc(100vw - 4em);
}
.outerContainer .beside {
  flex-basis: 3em;
  flex-grow: 0;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  background: #7a7;
}

JavaScript

// Document.ready
$(() => {
  putImageOnCanvas();
});

// Window resize event
((() => {
  window.addEventListener("resize", resizeThrottler, false);
  var resizeTimeout;

  function resizeThrottler() {
    if (!resizeTimeout) {
      resizeTimeout = setTimeout(function() {
        resizeTimeout = null;
        actualResizeHandler();
      }, 66);
    }
  }

  function actualResizeHandler() {
    // handle the resize event - reloading page for illustration
    window.location.reload();
  }
})());

function putImageOnCanvas() {

  $('.outerContainer canvas').each((index, canvas) => {
    const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
    canvas.width = $(canvas).innerWidth();
    canvas.height = $(canvas).innerHeight();
    const img = new Image;
    img.src = 'https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56a1d17905caa7ee9f27e273/t/56a1d56617e4f1177a27178d/1453446712144/Picture7.png';
    img.onload = (() => {

      // find the aspect ratio that fits the container
      let ratio = Math.min(canvas.width / img.width, canvas.height / img.height);
      let centerShift_x = (canvas.width - img.width * ratio) / 2;
      let centerShift_y = (canvas.height - img.height * ratio) / 2;
      canvas.width -= 2 * centerShift_x;
      canvas.height -= 2 * centerShift_y;

      // reset the flexbox height and canvas flex-basis (adjusting for the 0.5em border too)
      $('.outerContainer').css({
        'height': 'calc(' + canvas.height + 'px + 1em)'
      });
      $('.outerContainer canvas').css({
        'width': 'calc(' + canvas.width + 'px)'
      });

      // draw the image in the canvas now
      ctx.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
      ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, img.width, img.height, 0, 0, img.width * ratio, img.height * ratio);
    });
  });
}