JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<table>
  <thead>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td id='cell_a1'>A</td>
      <td id='cell_b1' style='display:none'>B</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td id='cell_a2'>C</td>
      <td id='cell_b2' style='display:none'>D</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

<div id="output"></div>

JavaScript

var t = $('table').clone();
$('td', t).filter(function() { return $(this).css('display') == 'none'; }).remove();
var html = t.html();
$('#output').text(html);