JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

CSS

//content_script.js

console.log(scriptOptions.param3);

//dla 'przyklad' loguje przyklad , dla zmiennej:

VM962:1 Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected identifier
content_script.js:1 Uncaught ReferenceError: scriptOptions is not defined
    at content_script.js:1

JavaScript

//popup.js

function injectTheScript() {
  var refresh = $('#refresh').val();
  var category = $('#select').val();
  var name = $('#name').val();

        chrome.tabs.query({active: true, currentWindow: true}, function(tabs) {
        // query the active tab, which will be only one tab
        //and inject the script in it
        chrome.tabs.executeScript(tabs[0].id, {
          code: "var scriptOptions = {param1:"+refresh+",param2:"+category+", param3:'przyklad'};"//dziala
          code: "var scriptOptions = {param1:"+refresh+",param2:"+category+", param3:"+name+"};"//nie dziala
        }, function(){
        chrome.tabs.executeScript(tabs[0].id, {file: "content_script.js"}, function(){
            //all injected
        });
    });
    });

}

document.getElementById('button').addEventListener('click', injectTheScript);