JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<span class="caracteres">255</span> Restantes <br>
<textarea id="TxtObservacoes"></textarea>
JavaScript
$(document).on("keydown", "#TxtObservacoes", function () {
var caracteresRestantes = 255;
var caracteresDigitados = parseInt($(this).val().length);
var caracteresRestantes = caracteresRestantes - caracteresDigitados;
$(".caracteres").text(caracteresRestantes);
});