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<div id="original">This article is about the planet. For other uses, see Earth (disambiguation).
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Earth Astronomical symbol of Earth
A planetary disk of white cloud formations, brown and green land masses, and dark blue oceans against a black background. The Arabian peninsula, Africa and Madagascar lie in the upper half of the disk, while Antarctica is at the bottom.
"The Blue Marble" photograph of Earth,
taken from Apollo 17
Designations
Alternative names Tellus or Terra,[note 1] Gaia
Orbital characteristics
Epoch J2000.0[note 2]
Aphelion 152,098,232 km
1.01671388 AU[note 3]
Perihelion 147,098,290 km
0.98329134 AU[note 3]
Semi-major axis 149,598,261 km
1.00000261 AU[1]
Eccentricity 0.01671123[1]
Orbital period 365.256363004 days[2]
1.000017421 yr
Average orbital speed 29.78 km/s[3]
107,200 km/h
Mean anomaly 357.51716°[3]
Inclination 7.155° to Sun's equator
1.57869°[4] to invariable plane
Longitude of ascending node 348.73936°[3][note 4]
Argument of perihelion 114.20783°[3][note 5]
Satellites 1 natural (the Moon),
8,300+ artificial (as of 1 March 2001)[5]
Physical characteristics
Mean radius 6,371.0 km[6]
Equatorial radius 6,378.1 km[7][8]
Polar radius 6,356.8 km[9]
Flattening 0.0033528[10]
Circumference 40,075.017 km (equatorial)[8]
40,007.86 km (meridional)[11][12]
Surface area
510,072,000 km2[13][14][note 6] 148,940,000 km2 land (29.2 %)
361,132,000 km2 water (70.8 %)
Volume 1.08321×1012 km3[3]
Mass
5.97219×1024 kg[15]
3.0×10−6 Suns
Mean density 5.515 g/cm3[3]
Equatorial surface gravity 9.780327 m/s2[16]
0.99732 g
Escape velocity 11.186 km/s[3]
Sidereal rotation period 0.99726968 d[17]
23h 56m 4.100s
Equatorial rotation velocity 1,674.4 km/h (465.1 m/s)[18]
Axial tilt 23°26'21".4119[2]
Albedo
0.367 (geometric)[3]
0.306 (Bond)[3]
Surface temp. min mean max
Kelvin 184 K[19] 288 K[20] 330 K[21]
Celsius −89.2 °C 15 °C 56.7 °C
Atmosphere
Surface pressure 101.325 kPa...