a/21609283/1636522

HTML

<div>
    <button onclick="add()">add</button>
    <button onclick="rem()">rem</button>
    <button onclick="jAdd()">jQuery add</button>
    <button onclick="jRem()">jQuery rem</button>
</div>
<ul id="list">
    <li><input type="checkbox" /> item</li>
</ul>

JavaScript

function add() {
    var list = document.getElementById('list'),
        item = document.createElement('li');
       
    item.innerHTML = '<input type="checkbox" /> item';
    list.appendChild(item);
}

function rem() {
    var list = document.getElementById('list'),
        items = Array.prototype.slice.call(list.childNodes),
        item;
    while (item = items.pop()) {
        if (item.firstChild && item.firstChild.checked) {
            list.removeChild(item);
        }
    }
}

function jAdd() {
    $('#list').append('<li><input type="checkbox" /> item</li>');
}

function jRem() {
    $('#list').children().filter(function () {
        return this.firstChild.checked;
    }).remove();
}