JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div id="container">
    <table id="headerClone">
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <th>Heading 1</th>
                <th>Heading 2</th>
                <th>Heading 3</th>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
    <div id="tableWrapper">
        <table>
            <tbody>
                <tr>
                    <th>Heading 1</th>
                    <th>Heading 2</th>
                    <th>Heading 3</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Data 1</td>
                    <td>Data 2</td>
                    <td>Data 3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
      ...

CSS

#container {
    width: 10em;
    height: 10em;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow-x: auto;
    
}
#headerClone {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    overflow-y: visible;
}
#tableWrapper {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    overflow-x: visible;
    overflow-y: hidden;
}