JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="checkbox-group required" id="uno">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name[]" >
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name[]">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name[]">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name[]">
</div>

<div class="checkbox-group required" id="due">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name2[]" >
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name2[]">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name2[]">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name2[]">
</div>

<div class="checkbox-group required" id="tre">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name3[]" >
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name3[]" >
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name3[]">
    <input type="checkbox" name="checkbox_name3[]">
</div>
<input type="button" value="test" onclick="prova()" />

JavaScript

function prova()
{
	alert(
  	'primo gruppo: ' + (document.querySelectorAll('div.checkbox-group.required#uno 	input:checked').length > 0)
    );
    
    alert(
  	'secondo gruppo ' + (document.querySelectorAll('div.checkbox-group.required#due 	input:checked').length > 0)
    );
    
    alert(
  	'terzo gruppo ' + (document.querySelectorAll('div.checkbox-group.required#tre 	input:checked').length > 0)
    );
}