JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="container">
  <div class="outer_border">
    <div class="padding">
      <input type="text" value="this INPUT need to adapt to its parent TD">
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

CSS

html,
body {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.container {
  width: 100%;
}

.padding {
  height: 100px;
}

.outer_border {
  padding: 1px;
  border: 1px solid black;
}

input {
  border: 1px black solid;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
}