JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<button data-color="#0f0">Vert</button><button data-color="#f00">Rouge</button>
<div>Text 1</div>
<button data-color="#0f0">Vert</button><button data-color="#f00">Rouge</button>
<div>Text 2</div>
<button data-color="#0f0">Vert</button><button data-color="#f00">Rouge</button>
<div>Text 3</div>
<button data-color="#0f0">Vert</button><button data-color="#f00">Rouge</button>
<div>Text 4</div>
<button data-color="#0f0">Vert</button><button data-color="#f00">Rouge</button>
<div>Text 5</div>

JavaScript

var button = document.querySelectorAll("button"),
	i = 0,
	l = button.length;

for (; i<l; i++)

	button[i].addEventListener("click", function (){
		
		var target = this.nextSibling;

		while(target.nodeName.toLowerCase() != "div")
			target = target.nextSibling;

		target.style.backgroundColor = this.getAttribute("data-color");

	}, false);