JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<article id="wrapper">
    <section id="main">
        <nav id="nav"> <a href="#" class="toggle-nav btn-close">x</a>

             <h2>Menu Principal</h1>      
       <p>Você pode inserir uma lista de links nesta área.</p>
     </nav>

     <section id="content">     
       <a href="#" class="toggle-nav btn-nav">Menu »</a>
       <p>Todo o conteúdo permanece nesta área.</p>
     </section>

  </section>
</article>

CSS

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    font-family: Arial;
    -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
    -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Configuração geral */
 #wrapper {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1000px;
    /* Temp: Simulates a tall page. */
}
/* Escorpo da página */
 #main {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
    -webkit-transform: translateX(0);
    transform: translateX(0);
    -webkit-transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
    transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
    -webkit-transition: 300ms ease all;
    transition: 300ms ease all;
    -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
    backface-visibility: hidden;
    padding: 3% 6%;
}
.show-nav #main {
    -webkit-transform: translateX(300px);
    transform: translateX(300px);
    -webkit-transform: translate3d(300px, 0, 0);
    transform: translate3d(300px, 0, 0);
}
#nav {
    width: 300px;
    height: 100%;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -300px;
    background: #428bca;
    padding: 25px;
    color: #fff;
}
#nav ul > li > a {
    padding: 10px;
}
.btn-nav {
    display: block;
    cursor: pointer;
    width: 7em;
    margin-bottom: 1em;
    font-size: 1.3em;
    font-weight: 300;
    color: #003DFF;
    border: 2px solid #003DFF;
    border-radius: 4px;
    padding: 10px;
    text-align: -webkit-center;
    text-decoration: none;
    outline: none;
    background: #fff;
    transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
    /* Transição de hover */
    -o-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
    -moz-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
    -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
}
.btn-nav:hover {
    color: #FFFFFF;
    background: #003dff;
}
.btn-nav:active, .btn-nav:focus {
    background: #00619D;
    border: 2px solid #00619D;
    color: #fff;
}
.btn-close {
    color: rgb(255, 255, 255);
    font-size: 25px;
    border: 2px solid #FFFFFF;
    padding: 1px 11px 4px 10px;
    width: 38px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
   ...

JavaScript

$(function () {
    $('.toggle-nav').click(function (e) {
        e.stopPropagation();
        toggleNav();
    });
    $('#main').click(function (e) {
        var target = $(e.target);
        if (!target.closest('#nav').length && $('#wrapper').hasClass('show-nav')) toggleNav();
    });
});

function toggleNav() {
    if ($('#wrapper').hasClass('show-nav')) {
        // Do things on Nav Close
        $('#wrapper').removeClass('show-nav');
    } else {
        // Do things on Nav Open
        $('#wrapper').addClass('show-nav');
    }
}