JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<input type="button" value="Run" id="b1"><br>
<table border=1 id="changeSubjectKatedra">
<tr><td>someText<input type='hidden' value='someData'>
</td><td>someText</td></tr>
<tr><td>someText2<input type='hidden' value='someData2'>
</td><td>someText</td></tr>
<tr><td>someText3<input type='hidden' value='someData3'>
</td><td>someText</td></tr>
<tr><td>someText<input type='hidden' value='someData'>
</td><td>someText</td></tr>
<tr><td>someText<input type='hidden' value='someData'>
</td><td>someText</td></tr>
<tr><td>someText4<input type='hidden' value='someData4'>
</td><td>someText</td></tr>
</table>
JavaScript
$("#b1").click(function() {
var rows = $("#changeSubjectKatedra tr");
for(var i = 0; i <= rows.length - 2; i++) {
if ($(rows[i]).find("input").val() ==
$(rows[i+1]).find("input").val()) {
alert($(rows[i]).td.val());
}
}
});