jQuery .closest()
by JM note
HTML
<script src="//code.jquery.com/jquery.min.js"></script>
<ul id="list">
<li>I</li>
<li>II
<ul>
<li id="ii-a">A</li>
<li>B
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>C</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>III</li>
</ul>
<script>
$( "#ii-a" ).closest( "#list" ).css( "color", "CornflowerBlue" );
$( "#ii-a" ).closest( "ul" ).css( "background", "SkyBlue" );
$( "#ii-a" ).closest( "li" ).css( "background", "Khaki" );
$( "#ii-a" ).css( "color", "Salmon" );
</script>