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JavaScript

function count_chars(str, mode) {
  //  discuss at: http://phpjs.org/functions/count_chars/
  // original by: Ates Goral (http://magnetiq.com)
  // improved by: Jack
  // bugfixed by: Onno Marsman
  // bugfixed by: Kevin van Zonneveld (http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net)
  //    input by: Brett Zamir (http://brett-zamir.me)
  //  revised by: Theriault
  //   example 1: count_chars("Hello World!", 3);
  //   returns 1: " !HWdelor"
  //   example 2: count_chars("Hello World!", 1);
  //   returns 2: {32:1,33:1,72:1,87:1,100:1,101:1,108:3,111:2,114:1}

  var result = {},
    resultArr = [],
    i;

  str = ('' + str)
    .split('')
    .sort()
    .join('')
    .match(/(.)\1*/g);

  if ((mode & 1) == 0) {
    for (i = 0; i != 256; i++) {
      result[i] = 0;
    }
  }

  if (mode === 2 || mode === 4) {

    for (i = 0; i != str.length; i += 1) {
      delete result[str[i].charCodeAt(0)];
    }
    for (i in result) {
      result[i] = (mode === 4) ? String.fromCharCode(i) : 0;
    }

  } else if (mode === 3) {

    for (i = 0; i != str.length; i += 1) {
      result[i] = str[i].slice(0, 1);
    }

  } else {

    for (i = 0; i != str.length; i += 1) {
      result[str[i].charCodeAt(0)] = str[i].length;
    }

  }
  if (mode < 3) {
    return result;
  }

  for (i in result) {
    resultArr.push(result[i]);
  }
  return resultArr.join('');
}

var chars = count_chars( 'David Bastos', 1 );

for( var i in chars ) {

    console.log(
        
       'There were ' + chars[ i ] + ' instances of character ' + String.fromCharCode( i )
    );
}