JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div id="formularioMateriais">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-xs-1">
            <div class="form-group" style="margin:0 0 0 1px;">
                <label class="control-label">Volume</label>
                <input name="volumeMaterial[]" id="" type="number" class="form-control volumeMaterial" value="" required>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-4">
            <div class="form-group" style="margin:0 0 0 1px;">
                <label class="control-label">Material</label>
                <input name="nomeMaterial[]" id="" type="text" class="form-control nomeMaterial" value="" required>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-2">
            <div class="form-group" style="margin:0 0 0 1px;">
                <label class="control-label">Compimento</label>
                <input name="comprimentoMaterial[]" id="" type="text" class="form-control comprimentoMaterial" value="" required>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-2">
            <div class="form-group" style="margin:0 0 0 1px;">
                <label class="control-label">Largura</label>
                <input name="larguraMaterial[]" id="" type="text" class="form-control larguraMaterial" value="" required>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-2">
            <div class="form-group" style="margin:0 0 0 1px;">
                <label class="control-label">Altura</label>
                <input name="alturaMaterial[]" id="" type="text" class="form-control alturaMaterial" value="" required>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-1">
            <div class="form-group">	<a href="#" class="btn btn-success btn-xs adicionarCampo2" data-id="2" id="" style="margin:35px 0 0 0"><i class="fa fa-plus bigger-110 icon-only"></i>+ </a>

            </div>
            <input name="cubagemMateriais[]" id="cubagemMateriais" type="text">
        </div>
        <hr>
    </div>
</div>Soma total
<input...

JavaScript

$('#formularioMateriais').on('click', '.adicionarCampo2', function (e) {
    var clone = $(e.target).closest('.row').clone();
    $('#formularioMateriais').append(clone);

    // adicionar botão para remover
    if (clone.find('a.linkRemover').length) return;
    var remover = clone.find('a.adicionarCampo2').clone();
    remover.removeClass('adicionarCampo2 btn-success').addClass('btn-danger btn-xs linkRemover');
    remover.find('i').removeClass('fa-plus').addClass('fa-times');
    clone.find('a.adicionarCampo2').after(remover);
});
$('#formularioMateriais').on('click', '.linkRemover', function (e) {
    $(e.target).closest('.row').remove();
});

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

$(document).ready(function () {
    $('#formularioMateriais').on('keyup', 'input', function (e) {
    var $row = $(e.target).closest('.row');
        var cubagemMateriais = [".volumeMaterial", ".comprimentoMaterial", ".larguraMaterial", ".alturaMaterial"].reduce(function (soma, classe) {
            var value = parseInt($row.find(classe).val(), 10);
            return value * soma;
        }, 1);
        $row.find('input[name="cubagemMateriais[]"]').val(cubagemMateriais || 0);

        // somar todas as linhas
        var total = $('input[name="cubagemMateriais[]"]').get().reduce(function (soma, input) {
            var value = parseInt(input.value, 10) || 0;
            return value + soma;
        }, 0);
        $('#cubagemMateriaisTotal').val(total);
    });
});