JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

JavaScript

var arr = [
    {
        Id: 1, Categories: [
            { Id: 1 },
            { Id: 2 }, 
        ]

    },
    {
        Id: 2, Categories: [
            { Id: 100 },
            { Id: 200 },
        ]

    }
];

var id = 200;

document.write('found at ' + JSON.stringify(arr.filter(e => e.Categories.filter(c => c.Id === id)[0])[0].Categories.filter(c => c.Id === id)[0]));