JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<select id="selectbox">
<optgroup label="optGroup1" id="optGroup1">
<option>aaaa</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
JavaScript
var optgroup1 = document.getElementById("optGroup1");
option = document.createElement( 'option' );
option.value = option.text = "test";
optgroup1.parentNode.insertBefore(option, optgroup1.nextSibling)