JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

JavaScript

var columnArray =
['columnNumber1','columnNumber6','coulmnNumber7','columnNumber13','columnNumber12'];

columnArray.sort(function(a,b) {
     return parseInt(a.match(/\d+/)[0],10) - parseInt(b.match(/\d+/)[0],10);
})

console.log(columnArray);