JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <th><strong>Day</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 1</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 2</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 3</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 4</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 5</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 6</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong>Period 7</strong>
            </th>
            <th><strong></strong>
            </th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>1-Mo</td>
            <td>
                <input type="checkbox" name="lesson[1][1]" value="1" id="lesson_1_1" class="tick_1645_1646_1647_1648_1649_1650_2024" /> <span data-classes="1645_1646_1647_1648_1649_1650_2024" class="lessoncount">(7)</span>
            </td>
            <td>
                <input type="checkbox" name="lesson[1][2]" value="1" id="lesson_1_2" class="tick_1582_1583_1584_1585_1586_1587" /> <span data-classes="1582_1583_1584_1585_1586_1587" class="lessoncount">(6)</span>
            </td>
            <td>
                <input type="checkbox" name="lesson[1][3]" value="1" id="lesson_1_3" class="tick_1658_1673_1684_1700_1706_1736_1737_1769" /> <span data-classes="1658_1673_1684_1700_1706_1736_1737_1769" class="lessoncount">(8)</span>
            </td>
            <td>
                <input type="checkbox" name="lesson[1][4]" value="1" id="lesson_1_4" class="tick_1602_1603_1604_1605_1618_1628" /> <span data-classes="1602_1603_1604_1605_1618_1628" class="lessoncount">(6)</span>
            </td>
            <td>
                <input type="checkbox" name="lesson[1][5]" value="1" id="lesson_1_5" class="tick_" /> <span>(0)</span>
            </td>
            <td>
                <input type="checkbox" name="lesson[1][6]" value="1" id="lesson_1_6" class="tick_1659_1674_1701_1738_1755_1756" /> <span...

CSS

span[data-classes] {
    cursor: pointer;
}

JavaScript

$(document).ready(function () {
    $('.lessoncount').on('click', tickAlike);
});

function tickAlike() {
    var classes = $(this).data('classes');
    var $checkbox = $(this).siblings('.tick_' + classes).click();
    $('.tick_' + classes).prop('checked', $checkbox.is(':checked'));
}