JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="class-x some-class-1 other-class"></div>
<div class="some-class-45 class-y"></div>
<div class="some-class-123 something-else"></div>

JavaScript

var arrClasses = [];
$("div[class*='some-class-']").removeClass(function () {
    var className = this.className.match(/some-class-\d+/);
    if (className) {
        arrClasses.push(className[0])
        return className[0];
    }
});
console.log(arrClasses);