JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<table style="width:100%">
  <thead>
  <tr>
    <th>TESTES</th>
    <th colspan="8">PROBLEMAS</th>
    
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td></td>
    <td>PROB 1</td>
    <td>PROB 2</td>
    <td>PROB 3</td>
    <td>PROB 4</td>
    <td>PROB 5</td>
    <td>PROB 6</td>
    
  </tr>
  </thead>
    <tbody>
  <tr>
    <td>TESTE 1</td>
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>TESTE 2</td>    
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>TESTE 3</td>    
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td>TESTE 4</td>        
    <td></td>
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
    <td><input type="checkbox" name="ch[]" value="1" /></td>
  </tr>
  
  <tr>
    <td>Resultados</td>        
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
    <td></td>
  </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

JavaScript

//obtém todas as linhas dentro do tbody
setTimeout(function(){
    var linhas = document.querySelectorAll('table tr');
    var resultadoCheckboxes = [];
    for(var indexLinha = 0; indexLinha < linhas.length; indexLinha++){
       var colunas = linhas[indexLinha].querySelectorAll('td');
         for(var indexColuna = 0; indexColuna < colunas.length; indexColuna++){
             var elemento = colunas[indexColuna].querySelector('input[type=checkbox]')
             if(!resultadoCheckboxes [indexColuna]) resultadoCheckboxes [indexColuna] = 0;
             if(elemento && elemento.checked) {
                 resultadoCheckboxes [indexColuna] = resultadoCheckboxes [indexColuna] + 1;
             }
         }
    }
[].slice.call(resultadoCheckboxes).map(function(e){console.log(e)});
},5000)