JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<div id='test' class='sample layout-10 layout-9 sample1 slayout'></div>
JavaScript
var regex = /\s(layout-.*?)(?=\s)/g;
$('#test')[0].className = $('#test')[0].className.replace(regex, '');
console.log($('#test')[0].className);