JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<div id="firstChild">
<div id="second">x
<div id="div_1">a</div>
</div>
<div id="third">y
<div id="div_2">b</div>
</div>
<div id="fourth">z
<div id="div_3">c</div>
</div>
</div>
CSS
.test { background: #f00; }
JavaScript
$('#firstChild').find('[id^="div_"]').addClass('test');