JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="container">
    
    <div class="img-and-info">
        <!-- Should always be 180px wide -->        
        <div class="img"><img src="http://placehold.it/180x120" /></div>
        <!-- Should fill remainder of div.img-and-info -->
        <div class="info container">
            <div class="row" style="background: yellow;">
                <div class="col-xs-6"><strong>This isn't what I want, because theres a massive gap between this section and Row 2</strong></div>
                <div class="col-xs-6">Row 1 Col 2</div>
            </div>
            <div class="row" style="background: lime;">
                <div class="col-xs-4">Row 2 Col 1</div>
                <div class="col-xs-8">Row 2 Col 2</div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <div class="img-and-info">
        <!-- Should always be 180px wide -->        
        <div class="img"><img src="http://placehold.it/180x120" /></div>
        <!-- Should fill remainder of div.img-and-info -->
        <div class="info container">
            <div class="row" style="float:left; background: yellow;">
                <div class="col-xs-6"><strong>This is better, but we need to fill this div with lots of content, otherwise it'll shrink and Row 2 will be on the same line...</strong></div>
                <div class="col-xs-6">Row 1 Col 2</div>
            </div>
            <div class="row" style="background: lime;">
                <div class="col-xs-4">Row 2 Col 1</div>
                <div class="col-xs-8">Row 2 Col 2</div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    
    <div class="img-and-info">
        <!-- Should always be 180px wide -->        
        <div class="img"><img src="http://placehold.it/180x120" /></div>
        <!-- Should fill remainder of div.img-and-info -->
        <div class="info container">
            <div class="row" style="float:left; background: yellow;">
                <div class="col-xs-6"><strong>...like this</strong></div>
               ...

CSS

@import url('http://getbootstrap.com/dist/css/bootstrap.css');

/* Highlight col- classes for debug */
[class*="col-"] {
    border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

/* The important stuff */
.img-and-info { border: 1px solid #000; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.img {
    width: 180px;
    /*height: 120px;*/
    float: left;
}
.info { 
    margin-left: 180px;
}