Edit in JSFiddle

$(document).ready(function(){
    
    // disable a submit button by default
    $("#submitBtn").attr("disabled",true);

    
    
    // click button event .
    $("#submitBtn").on("click",function(e){
        e.preventDefault();
    
    });
    
    
    // keyup event function
    $("#messageBox").on("keyup",function(e){
        
        
        // get length of inputs into textarea
        var count = $(this).val().length ;
        
        if (count >  140 || count === 0)
        {
            
             // disable button
                $("#submitBtn").attr("disabled",true);

                // change a color of progress bar depend on it value
                $(".progress-bar").removeClass("progress-bar-primary").addClass("progress-bar-danger");
           
                
                // remove any character more than 140
                $(this).val( $(this).val().slice(0,140) );
            
                // update counter
                count = $(this).val().length ;
        }
        else
        {
             // activate submit button
            $("#submitBtn").attr("disabled",false);
            
            // set value to progress bar
            $(".progress-bar").attr("style","width:"+count+"%"); 
            
            // change a color of progress bar depend on it value
            $(".progress-bar").removeClass("progress-bar-danger").addClass("progress-bar-primary");
        }
        
        
        // write a value into progress bar             
        $(".progress-bar span").text(count); 
        
        
    });
    
});
<body>
        
        <div class="container">
        
            <div class=" well col-lg-8 col-lg-push-2  col-md-8 col-md-push-2  col-sm-8 col-sm-push-2 col-xs-12" style="margin-top:30px;">
                
                
              <form class="form-group" method="post" action="#">
                
                  <h3 class="text text-center">{ Counter Letters }</h3>
                  
                    <textarea class="form-control" cols="20" rows="5" id="messageBox"></textarea>
                    
                  <br /> <br />
                
                <div class="col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12" style="display:inline;">
                
                    <div class="col-lg-8 col-md-8 col-sm-8 col-xs-12 pull-right">
                        <div class="progress progress-striped active" style="height:30px;">
                              <div class="progress-bar brogress-bar-primary" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="00"
                              aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="140" style="width:0%">
                                  <span style="font-weight:bold;">0</span>
                              </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-md btn-primary pull-left" id="submitBtn">
                        Submit         
                        <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-send"></span>
                    </button>
                    
                </div>
                
               
                </form>
            
            
            </div>
        
            
        </div>
    
    </body>