JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<input type="button" onmousedown="alert(elementContainsSelection(document.getElementById('cake')))" value="Selection contained in 'slice of cake'?">

<div contenteditable="true">
    Cup of tea and a <b id="cake">slice of cake</b>
</div>

JavaScript

function isOrContains(node, container) {
    while (node) {
        if (node === container) {
            return true;
        }
        node = node.parentNode;
    }
    return false;
}

function elementContainsSelection(el) {
    var sel;
    if (window.getSelection) {
        sel = window.getSelection();
        if (sel.rangeCount > 0) {
            for (var i = 0; i < sel.rangeCount; ++i) {
                if (!isOrContains(sel.getRangeAt(i).commonAncestorContainer, el)) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
    } else if ( (sel = document.selection) && sel.type != "Control") {
        return isOrContains(sel.createRange().parentElement(), el);
    }
    return false;
}