JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<span class="input-group-addon">Realizou TC tĂłrax ou gasometria arterial ? data:</span>
<input style="max-width: 114px;" class=" form-control" id="exame_data" value="123teste" type="text" name="exame_torax_ou_gasometria_arterial" placeholder="__/__/____" onkeypress="$(this).mask('00/00/0000')">

JavaScript

let input = document.getElementById('exame_data');
if (input.value) {
    input.readonly = true;
}