JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="cols someclass"></div> <!--like this cols1, cols2, etc..-->
<div class="columns someclass"></div> <!--like this columns1, columns2, etc...-->
<div class="col-1 someclass"></div> <!--like this col-2, col-3,etc...-->
<div class="someclass column-1"></div> <!--like this column-2, column-3, etc...-->

<div class="dinamicAddedClasses"></div>

JavaScript

//for testing
$('.dinamicAddedClasses').addClass('col1 col2 someclass');

//answer's code
$('[class*=col]').each(function() {
    this.className = $.grep(this.className.split(' '), function(cl) {
        return !/^col/.test(cl);
    }).join(' ');
});


//for the demo
$('div').text(function() {
    return this.className;
});