JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div class="class-x some-class-1 other-class"></div>
<div class="some-class-45 class-y"></div>
<div class="some-class-123 something-else"></div>
<div class="not-class-123 something-else"></div>

JavaScript

$.fn.hasClassStartsWith = function(className) {
    return this.filter('[class^=\''+className+'\'], [class*=\''+className+'\']');
}

var divs = $('div').hasClassStartsWith("some-class-");
console.log(divs.get());