JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<textarea id="txt" rows="15" cols="70">There is some text here.</textarea>
<input type="button" id="btn" value="OK" />
JavaScript
jQuery("#btn").on('click', function() {
var caretPos = document.getElementById("txt").selectionStart;
var textAreaTxt = jQuery("#txt").val();
var txtToAdd = "stuff";
jQuery("#txt").val(textAreaTxt.substring(0, caretPos) + txtToAdd + textAreaTxt.substring(caretPos) );
});