JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground
HTML
<table>
<tr class="list-item" data-id="1">
<td>
<input value="Some text entered by the user" type="text" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
JavaScript
var listItemId1 = $('input').closest('tr').attr('data-id');
var listItemId2 = $($('input')[0].parentNode.parentNode).attr('data-id');
var input = document.getElementsByTagName('input');
var listItemId3 = document
.getElementsByTagName('input')[0]
.parentNode
.parentNode
.attributes['data-id'].value;
console.log('1: ', listItemId1);
console.log('2: ', listItemId2);
console.log('3: ', listItemId3);
$('input').each( function () {
console.log('4: ', $(this).closest('tr').attr('data-id') );
console.log('5: ', this.parentNode.parentNode.attributes['data-id'].value );
});