$(document).ready(function () {
var css = {
'color': 'Aqua',
'background-color': 'Yellow'
};
$("#divParent").click(function () {
$("div").parent().css(css);
});
$("#divP").click(function () {
$("p").parent().css(css);
});
$("#divSpan").click(function () {
$("span").parent().css(css);
});
$("#divEm").click(function () {
$("em").parent().css(css);
});
});
<html>
<head>
<title>parent</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
This is Div element.
<p>This is paragraph element. It is inside Div element.<br>
<span>This is span element. It is inside paragraph element.<br>
<em>This is emphasize element. It is inside span element.</em>
</span>
</p>
</div><br />
<input type="button" id="divParent" value="Parent of Div" />
<input type="button" id="divP" value="Parent of P" />
<input type="button" id="divSpan" value="Parent of Span" />
<input type="button" id="divEm" value="Parent of EM" />
<input type="button" id="reset" value="Reset" onclick="location.reload();" />
</body>
</html>