Edit in JSFiddle

$(document).ready(function () {
                var css = {
                    'color': 'Aqua',
                    'background-color': 'Yellow'
                };
                $("#divParent").click(function () {
                    $("div").parent().css(css);
                });
                $("#divP").click(function () {
                    $("p").parent().css(css);
                });
                $("#divSpan").click(function () {
                    $("span").parent().css(css);
                });
                $("#divEm").click(function () {
                    $("em").parent().css(css);
                });
            });

<html>
        <head>
        <title>parent</title>
        </head>
        <body>
        <div>
        This is Div element.
        <p>This is paragraph element. It is inside Div element.<br>
        <span>This is span element. It is inside paragraph element.<br>
        <em>This is emphasize element. It is inside span element.</em>
        </span>
        </p>
        </div><br />
        <input type="button" id="divParent" value="Parent of Div" />
        <input type="button" id="divP" value="Parent of P" />
        <input type="button" id="divSpan" value="Parent of Span" />
        <input type="button" id="divEm" value="Parent of EM" />
        <input type="button" id="reset" value="Reset" onclick="location.reload();" />
        </body>
        </html>