JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div id="divRandom">
    &nbsp;
</div>

<div id="output">
    <span>arrCores</span>
    <span>arrCoresUsadas</span>
    <br>
</div>

CSS

#divRandom {
    border: 1px solid #000;
}

.output > span {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 50px;
}

JavaScript

var arrCores = ['#f00', '#0f0', '#0ff'];
var arrCoresUsadas = [];

setInterval(function(){
    if (arrCores.length === 0){
        arrCores = arrCoresUsadas;
        arrCoresUsadas = [];
    }
    document.getElementById('output').innerText += arrCores + '   -   ' + arrCoresUsadas + '\n';
    
    var index = Math.round(Math.random() * (arrCores.length-1));
    document.getElementById('divRandom').style.backgroundColor = arrCores[index];
    
    arrCoresUsadas.push(arrCores[index]);
    arrCores.splice(index, 1);
}, 500);