JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<div id="randomdiv">Text</div>
<div id="randomdiv2">Text</div>
<div id="fooDiv">Foo</div>

JavaScript

NodeList.prototype.forEach = Array.prototype.forEach;

function getElementIdsByText(search, partial) {
    
    var elements = document.querySelectorAll("[id]");
    var ids = [];

    elements.forEach(function(element) {
        if (!partial && element.textContent === search) {
            ids.push(element.id);
        }
        
        if (partial && element.textContent.indexOf(search) !== -1) {
            ids.push(element.id);
        }
    });
    
    return ids;
}

console.log(getElementIdsByText("Text"));
console.log(getElementIdsByText("Fo", true));