Using HTML5's data attribute in CSS

HTML

<span class="aaa" data-value="aaa">one</span>
<span class="bbb" data-value="bbb">
display this only if the next element has data value</span>
<span class="ccc" data-value="">three</span>
<span class="ddd" data-value="ddd">four</span>

CSS

body{padding: 0 40px}
span{
  width: 100%; 
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px;
  margin: 10px;
  border: 1px solid orange;
}

.bbb ~ .ccc{
  color: red;
}