JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

JavaScript

var array = [
    [1, 'A'],
    [2, 'B'],
    [3, 'C'],
    [4, 'D'], [4, 'D'],
    [5, 'E'],
    [6, 'F']
];

function ordenarPor(arr, ordem) {
    return arr.sort(function (a, b) {
        var indexA = ordem.indexOf(a[1].toLowerCase());
        var indexB = ordem.indexOf(b[1].toLowerCase());
        if (indexA < 0) indexA = arr.length + 1;
        if (indexB < 0) indexB = arr.length + 1;
        return indexA > indexB;
    });
}

var nova = ordenarPor(array, 'acebdukl');
console.log(JSON.stringify(nova));