JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<table>
    <tr>
        <td><div>Я очень длинный текст</div></td>
    </tr>
</table>

CSS

td {
    border: 1px solid;
    height: 28px;
    position: relative;
    padding: 0;
}
div {    
    width: 80px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    height: 100%;
}
div:hover {
    text-overflow: clip;
    position: absolute;
    width: auto;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
}