JSFiddle - React, Tailwind, and code Playground

HTML

<table>
    <tr class="progress-full">
        <td>Row 1 Col 1</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="progress-quarter">
        <td>Row 2 Col 1</td>
    </tr>
    <tr class="progress-half">
        <td>Row 3 Col 1</td>
    </tr>
</table>

CSS

td { padding: 10px; }

tr.progress-full td:first-child,
tr.progress-half td:first-child,
tr.progress-quarter td:first-child {
    position: relative;
}
tr.progress-full td:first-child::before,
tr.progress-half td:first-child::before,
tr.progress-quarter td:first-child::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: red;
    z-index: -1;
}

tr.progress-full td:first-child::before {
    width: 100%;
}
tr.progress-half td:first-child::before {
    width: 50%;
}
tr.progress-quarter td:first-child::before {
    width: 25%;
}